Cap Phantom

Here is some good news for busy first time parents. An innovative product called Itzbeen baby care timer has come onto the market and is designed to help parents take care of their new born babies.

If you are a parent, you know how hectic things can be in the first few weeks of a baby’s life. Your routines get turned upside down and the distinction between day and night becomes blurred. You are most likely to be suffering from sleep deprivation and one of the first things to go is your memory. However, a baby needs to be fed and to have her diaper changed regularly, regardless of how tired and forgetful you are. These routines should not be left to chance. Fortunately the Itzbeen baby care timer will help you keep track of these routines, ensuring that your baby gets the attention and care that she needs.

The Itzbeen baby care timer has got 4 separate count up timers with optional alarms. The first 3 timers are used to count how long it’s been since the last changing, feeding and sleeping (or waking). The last timer can be used to count anything, for example how long since the baby was last given medication.

Here is an example of how you would typically use a timer. Let’s say you feed your baby and you press the feeding timer button. The timer starts counting upwards. A quick glance at any point later on will show you how long since you have last fed her. Furthermore if you want to be regularly reminded, you can optionally set the timer to sound an alarm after, say, 2 hours. This ensures that your baby is feeding at regular intervals, which may be something very important for certain babies.

Here is another example of how you can use it. Let’s say one evening you ask your mom to babysit your baby as you need to be away from home for a few hours. Before you leave, you show your mom how to use Itzbeen. When you come home, without asking your mom, you can immediately see how long ago since your baby was last fed and the diaper was last changed. It can also show you how long your baby has been napping. These are all really useful information to help you make sensible decisions regarding the care of your baby.

Other minor features such as nightlight, backlight and nursing reminder switch round up the package. The baby care timer is light and thus easy to carry everywhere.

All in all, this inexpensive baby gadget will be well appreciated by parents of new born babies. It helps parents remove the stress of remembering things!

INTRODUCTION

Israel recently was reported to launch attacks towards the Gaza City in Palestine (Al-Jazeera, 2009). Where unnumbered civilians were killed in the attack, the spokesman for Israeli government Mark Regev denied any wrongful conduct on behalf of Israel (Regev, 2009). He further maintained that if the Hamas organization does not stop the firing of rockets on South Israel, they shall take actions as deemed necessary to defend Israel i.e. including mass murder. Nevertheless, it must be noted that international law (hereinafter referred to as “IL”) is a body of rules governing the relations between states (Oppenheim, 1996). Every States including Israel is bound to follow IL. However, question arose whether the attack made was in accordance with IL so much so that they can deny liability even if they had to commit genocide and war crimes?
This paper shall reveal on how far does the statement made by Israel is in line with IL. Although IL recognizes that a state may defend itself if being threatened, I strongly believe that the attack made by Israel was disproportionate, beyond the act of self defense and violated numerous rights relating to protection of civilian population.

MILITARY NECESSITY & PROPORTIONALITY

States are prohibited to resort to use of force when settling disputes amongst themselves (Article 2 (4) of the United Nations Charter , 1945). This further means that we are not allowed declaring war as a measure of dispute settlement. However, in most times war still occur although there is a prohibition in doing so. Thus, IL still governs the conduct during war or armed conflict to provide protection to combatants as well as civilians. If an armed attack is conducted on the basis of military necessity, by such reason, it admits all direct destruction of life or limb of armed enemies, and of other persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable in the armed contests of the war (Article 15 General Order 100 , 1863). The first argument I came up with is that Israel cannot justify its attack on Palestine based on military necessity.
To put up military necessity as a defense for killing civilians is not an easy task (Fenrick, 1982). It is clear under the IL that attack against civilian population is strictly prohibited (Article 51 (2) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions, 1949). In order to use defense of necessity, constant care shall be taken to spare the civilian population and civilian objects (Article 57 of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions, 1949). Those who plan or decide upon an attack shall do everything feasible to verify that the objectives to be attacked are neither civilians nor civilian objects and are not subject to special protection but are military objectives. They must also take all feasible precautions in the choice of means and methods of attack with a view to avoiding, and in any event to minimizing, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects. However, if damage is so probable to be cause from the attack, they shall refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. The attacking force is not the only one with responsibilities towards the civilian population. It enjoins the parties, to the maximum extent feasible, to remove the civilian population from the vicinity of military objectives, to avoid locating military objectives within or near densely populated areas and to take other precautions to protect the civilian population (Article 58 of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions, 1949).
So far as the real situation is concerned, Israel failed to observe the above stated obligations. To worsen the situation, Israel was reported to attack the United Nations building situated in Palestine where the building was protected by IL and they shouldn’t have attacked it (Youtube, 2009). So far, there is yet no reason for Israel to rely on military necessity if rules of IL were not complied with. With regards to the defense of military necessity, it must be noted that necessity must also be intertwined with proportionality. A military commander is not entitled to cause collateral injury to noncombatants or damage to civilian objects which is disproportionate to the military advantage derived from an operation. It means that an attack must be directed only at a military objective and none others.
If we were to look at the current situation, there are duties on behalf of Israeli commanding officers to stop the attack on Palestine if the attack would cause civilian casualties. Furthermore, to attack civilian population would definitely render the attack disproportionate and its destruction definitely does not offer any effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, does not offers a definite military advantage to Israel.

SELF-DEFENSE

Concerning right to self-defense, I strongly believe that Israel cannot justify itself under self-defense committing such crimes. The right of individual or collective self-defense may be exercised if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations (Article 51 of Charter of the United Nations, 1973). However, the right of self-defense must be exercised with compliance to two elements. “The person acts reasonably to defend himself or herself or another person or…property which is essential for the survival of the person or another person or property which is essential for accomplishing a military mission, against an imminent and unlawful use of force in a manner proportionate to the degree of danger to the person or the other person or property protected…” (Article 31 of Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1999).
Based on the abovementioned authority, there must be an imminent and unlawful use of force and the act must be proportionate to the degree of danger for self-defense to be rendered legitimate. In order to determine whether there was an imminent threat to Israel, it is proper for us to refer to the cease-fire declared by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. He said “Beginning at 0200 [0000 GMT], Israel will cease its actions against the terrorist organisations in the Gaza Strip and will remain deployed in the Gaza Strip and its environs… If our enemies decide that the blows they have already suffered are not enough and they wish to continue fighting, Israel will be ready for that scenario and will feel free to continue responding with force…” (BBC News, 2009).
However, later there was a report confirmed by a Palestine Legislator Dr. Mustafa Barghouti that Israel that broke the cease-fire by killing six Gazans on 4th January 2009 (Barghouti, 2009). After heavy inquiries and investigations by the media, Israel finally admitted that there were no rockets fired from Hamas during the period of the cease-fire (Youtube, 2009). They fired at the Gazans on mere suspicion that the Gazan were digging tunnel to kidnap Israeli soldiers.
If we were to look at the conduct of Israel, it seems that there was no imminent or unlawful use of force caused to Israel. However, Israel was the one to break the cease-fire and further killed six civilians which under IL is prohibited to do so. As such, we cannot say that there exist any imminent threat to Israel’s safety and the attack made by Israel was disproportionate since it had caused unnecessary civilian casualties.

VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

It may be argued by Israel that their attack was legal because it was a necessity to defend themselves. There was a report that Israel attacked United Nations schools where the refugees were placed and caused loss of civilian lives (Bannoura, 2009). It is clear that such a place is protected under IL and cannot be an object of attack. However, a protected object may cease to be protected if it turned into a military objective.
Military objectives are limited to those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage (Article 52 (2) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions, 1949). If an attack is directed not at military objectives, then it is considered disproportionate and should not be done. Israel claimed that their soldiers attacked the United Nations schools because there were people attacking from the interior side of the building. “We face a very delicate situation where the Hamas is using the citizens of Gaza as a protective vest,” Israel Defense Forces spokesman Brig. General Avi Benayahu said after the incident (CNN, 2009). When such a situation occurs, by attacking the United Nations school shall render its neutralisation to offer a definite military advantage to Israeli army so that the war may be ended. Thus, the school becomes a legitimate military objective and may be attacked.

Despite Israel counter arguing that the objects of attack were military objectives, I believe that it cannot justify the attack due to violation of numerous rights to civilian protection. If we were to refer to Shimoda case in which Japanese plaintiffs who had been injured by the atomic bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima sued the Japanese government which they alleged to be illegal. The Japanese government in its defense argued that the bombings were legal because it became the major factor to bring the surrender and would have prevented many more casualties. However, the Court ignored such defense and held that Nagasaki and Hiroshima cannot be military objectives because it cannot justify the noncombatants casualties (Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State, 1964).
It was reported that Israel had used chemical weapons during the attack (Utusan Malaysia, 2009). The use of chemical weapon is prohibited under customary international law and it causes civilian casualties (Hague Declaration (IV,2) concerning Asphyxiating Gases, 1899). In the case of Tadic, the international community condemned Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against the Kurds (Dusco Tadic, 1994). The United Kingdom stated that this use was a violation of the Geneva Gas Protocol and international humanitarian law.
Furthermore, Israel was reported to have attacked buildings dedicated to religions such as mosque and caused 11 Palestinians including 1 child killed during such attack (Al-Jazeera, 2009). According to Article 8 (2) (b) (ix) of the Rome Statute, intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected amounts to war crimes (Article 8 (2)(b)(ix) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1999).
As such, I vehemently believe that these gross violation of civilian rights cannot justify the attacks made by Israel. Civilians must be given the utmost protection and their rights cannot be ignored for Israelis personal goals.

The principle in the law of armed conflict can be seen in Islam whereby Islam always practices the rule of proportionality in war. In Surah Al-Maidah 5:45 which states “And We ordained for them in that [Torah]: A life for a life, and an eye for an eye, and a nose for a nose, and an ear for an ear, and a tooth for a tooth, and a [similar] retribution for wounds; but he who shall forgo it out of charity will atone thereby for some of his past sins. And they who do not judge in accordance with what God has revealed – they, they are the evildoers!”
According to Dr Sheikh Wahbeh M. al-Zuhili, Jihad is lawful in Islam as a necessity to suppress aggression. It was prescribed in the second year of the Hijrah after Muslims had patiently borne for fourteen years the harm done to them by the pagans. The proof can be found in God Almighty’s words: “To those against whom war is made, permission is given (to fight),
because they are wronged, and verily, God is Most Powerful for their aid. (They are) those who have been expelled from their homes in defiance of right, (for no cause) except that they say, ‘Our Lord is God’.” The divine words, “they were wronged”, and “those who have been expelled from their homes” illustrate the reason for the legality of war, namely that Muslims are oppressed by others (the unbelievers). (Al-Zuhili, 2005).

CONCLUSION
The above discussion proves my thesis statement that Israel does not have any legal grounds to defend itself against the war crimes committed towards Palestine. Hence, there are several suggestions that I may pose to settle this problem. First, Israel may enter into negotiation or agreement with Palestine to stop the hostilities and immediately declare cease-fire. This is one method recognised under the Charter of the United Nations whereby States are to settle disputes through negotiations, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice without causing threat to international peace and security (Article 33 (1) of the Charter of the United Nations, 1973).
However, in the event that peaceful measure of dispute resolution fail to be observed by Israel and Palestine, IL offers another method that is unfavourable to most States. By virtue of Article 13 of the Rome Statute of International Criminal Court (ICC) 1999, the Prosecutor of ICC shall have the power to prosecute Israelis’ commanding officers responsible for directing attacks against civilian population and installations causing massive destruction and loss of lives. The ICC is the most effective International Court for the time being as its jurisdiction is triggered not at the discretion of disputing States. On the contrary, jurisdiction of International Court of Justice (ICJ) may only be triggered by consent of both State Parties in which Israel may refuse to submit itself to the jurisdiction of the ICJ.
In a nutshell, IL must be respected by all States in this world. Although IL provides protection such as the defence of necessity and self-defense to States, it must not be misused where the lives of civilians are at stake. IL must not be exploited to justify criminal act of oneself.

REFERENCES

Al-Jazeera. (2009, January 4). Deaths as Israel hits Gaza mosque. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from Al-Jazeera: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200913163438386439.html
Al-Jazeera. (2009, January 4). Israel begins Gaza ground offensive . Retrieved March 15, 2009, from Al-Jazeera: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200913194452527102.html
al-Zuhili, S. W. (2005). Islam and International law. International Review of the Red Cross , 279.
Article 15 General Order 100 . (1863).
Article 2 (4) of the United Nations Charter . (1945).
Article 33 (1) of the Charter of the United Nations. (1973).
Article 51 (1) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Convention. (1949).
Article 51 (2) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions. (1949).
Article 51 (3) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions. (1949).
Article 52 (2) of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions. (1949).
Article 57 of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions. (1949).
Article 58 of Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions. (1949).
Article 8 (2)(b)(ix) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1999).
Bannoura, G. (2009, January 17). 22nd day under attack: Israel shells UN school, death toll in Gaza 1,200. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from The International Middle East Media Center: http://www.imemc.org/article/58504
Barghouti, D. M. (2009, January 5). CNN Confirms Israel Broke Ceasefire First. (R. Sanchez, Interviewer)
BBC News. (2009, January 17). Excerpts: Olmert declares ceasefire. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7835868.stm
Charter of the United Nations. (1973).
CNN. (2009, January 6). Israel: Hamas mortars prompted attack near U.N. school. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/06/israel.gaza/index.html
Dusco Tadic, IT-94-1 (International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 1994).
Fenrick, L. C. (1982). The Rule of Proportionality and Protocol 1 in Conventional Warfare. Military Law Review , 2.
Hague Declaration (IV,2) concerning Asphyxiating Gases. (1899).
Israel admits: “No Hamas rockets were fired during ceasefire”. (2009, January 12). Retrieved March 16, 2009, from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfFMZ7Y-s_c
Oppenheim. (1996). Oppenheim’s International Law. Robert Jennings and Arthur Watts.
Regev, M. (2009, January 11). Mark Regev defending the indefensible. (A. Thomson, Interviewer)
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1999).
Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State, 8 The Japanese Annual of International Law 212, 240 (Tokyo District Court 1964).
Surah Al-Maidah 5:45.
Utusan Malaysia. (2009, January 25). Israel Sah Guna Bom Kimia. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from Utusan Malaysia: http://utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2009&dt=0125&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_01.htm&arc=hive
Youtube. (2009, January). Retrieved from Ban Ki-moon calls attack on UN building ‘outrageous’: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWAbWk9MN_U

The purpose
The central mission and goal of any ulpan in Israel is to help the students to master Hebrew language in all respects. In addition to being able to converse and speak in Hebrew, the student should also know how to write and read the language. However, these are the aspects covered in the very basic ulpan here. If you want to go a step further and learn about the culture, history and geography of Israel then you need to opt for the advanced ulpan in Israel. There are various ulpan in Jerusalem, which teach about the culture and historical significance of Jerusalem. Whether you are an immigrant, tourist or a new citizen in Israel, you can easily leverage the ulpan in Israel to understand the unique lifestyle and culture of Israel.

Modernized versions
There are thousands of ulpan in Israel mushrooming by the day. These courses teach students how to master the Hebrew language easily. Everyday, private institutions claiming to conduct ulpan flourish. However, you should always opt for a government or state run institution. This ensure more reputation and credibility of the course. There are various ulpan in Israel conducted by kibbutzim, Jewish agencies as well as municipalities and universities. If you are a Jew by birth and returning to the Holy Land as described in the Law of Return, you can get ulpan in Jerusalem free. Both video and audio formats are used for teaching ulpan in Israel and using both methods is useful to master Hebrew completely. The ulpan conducted by kibbutzim lasts for 5 months and you will need to work part-time during this tenure. If you are an immigrant or a tourist then you can study ulpan from the kibbutzim in this manner.

E-courses online
One of the best and easiest methods to leverage benefits of ulpan is online. There are literally thousands of ulpan in Israel conducted online. You can leverage both the synchronized as well as unsynchronized versions of the ulpan. Various institutions offering e-courses in ulpan in Jerusalem also have distance learning modules. Thus, if you are geographically located in another country or city you can still leverage such ulpan. While conventional ulpan in Israel have failed to expedite the learning process for students, online ulpan have managed to accomplish this successfully. Various combinations of video, audio and e-books help students to easily master Hebrew in accelerated timeframes. An iterative process of revisions and recaps are used to help the student recollect whatever was learnt during the ulpan in Israel. These online ulpan also conduct cultural tours of Israel, whereby students get to interact and converse with native Israel people. In this manner of teaching ulpan in Israel, students pick up unique mannerisms intrinsic to the people of Israel.  

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While those of us in the US have been distracted with primaries, a general election, and a huge economic crisis, Russia’s been making some moves that are raising flags and eyebrows in the intelligence community. While some people actively scoff when a new cold war is mentioned, the concept is not really that far-fetched. If you don’t believe me, let me explain what they have been up to over the past year.

George Bush always claimed to have a sense of Vladimir Putin’s soul. What he has always failed to understand is that Putin’s heart belongs with the former Communist regime. Putin is a pragmatist, and as such, made “friends” with leaders that would leave him alone, while he pursued the rebuilding of Russia as a military and economic superpower. Once his goals are accomplished, the advice of his more democratically minded “friends” will go unheeded. In fact, it has already taken place.

So what has Mr. Putin been up to? He’s been yucking it up with some of America’s most hated enemies. He’s helping Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran build his first nuclear power plant, along with supplying arms to aid their military. He just signed oil, gas, and nuclear power pact with Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. It was Mr. Chavez who recently argued that the USA should ditch their constitution, and draw up a new one based upon Communist principles.

By docking their destroyer “Peter the Great” in the port of Tartus, Syria, Russia has signaled that they are reengaging in the Middle East, and could have a significant impact on peace negotiations(or lack thereof) between Israel and its neighbors. That’s not the only overture they’ve made, however.

Russia has signed arms pacts, and done deals with the following nations over the past year, in full view of the public: Libya, Sudan, Turkey, Algeria, Syria, and several other Middle-Eastern/African nations. Putin has made it clear where his strategic alliances lie, and where his bets on the future are placed. Remember, these are just the public alliances, they don’t include shadowy deals done at midnight by a pier, and as a former member of the KGB, Putin has made plenty of this type of deal as well.

Russia also continues to do arms deals with China. Russia and China are just Siamese twins, two bodies that share the same heart. Neither of them particularly like being told what to do by the UN, much less the USA. They have both taken a more nuanced approach in the diplomatic arena, by ignoring criticisms of political opponents, and focusing on accomplishments that are more palatable to their accusers. Capitalism has kept China from having to answer on human rights violations. Capitalism has kept Putin from having to answer charges of a state-controlled/supported religious system, and the fact that he has a puppet-democracy. That’s also how he managed to skate by on the invasion of Georgia, by-the-by.

So what exactly is going on with Russia? In business terms, they call it “restructuring for the purposes of emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy”. In political terms, it’s called the resurrection of a Soviet Union. The goal is to bring glory and power back to Mother Russia.

So far, Putin has succeeded. The question is, how long before the West raises an objection? My guess is, when they finally do, it will be too late for the rest of the world.